Most GPUs, and many wi-fi adapters, need firmware, which might not be installed by default (because source code is generally not available, so it’s not made available as part of Debian, but instead in the non-free repositories). Again, use buster-backports instead of stretch-backports on Debian 10, and bullseye-backports on Debian 11. This won’t replace your current kernel, so you can always boot that instead if things go wrong. Install the backported kernel: apt updateĪpt -t stretch-backports install linux-image-amd64

(Yes, we’re adding contrib and non-free, they’ll come in handy later.) On Debian 10, replace stretch with buster on Debian 11, with bullseye. To install a kernel from backports, proceed as follows:Īdd the backports repository: echo deb stretch-backports main contrib non-free > /etc/apt//stretch-backports.list This is particularly true for Intel GPUs. You can usually get a newer kernel by looking at backports currently, the Debian 9 kernel is 4.9.320, but 4.19.118 is available as a backport with better support for newer graphics adapters.

The first is the kernel, especially for graphics. In Debian, if you run into issues with wi-fi or graphics support, there are usually two things to check.

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